Integration and innovation drive the fast-changing world of desalination   Whatever the uncertainties surrounding the world economy, the need for fresh water remains a constant. The rapid urbanization of developing countries has made access to this essential commodity difficult for millions of people, and solutions are urgently needed. For this reason desalination capacity is expected to double between 2010 and 2015. This fast expanding market is an important one for stainless steels, particularly duplex. By James Chater...
	Selection and application of duplex stainless steels     The author (Masaharu Doi, from Kuze Bellows Kogyoschoco, Ltd, Japan) reviews super duplex stainless steel as well as high performance duplex stainless steel from the perspective of selection and application....
	Slowly but surely, duplex continues to penetrate more products   Duplex stainless steel still accounts for only a small portion of the total consumption of stainless steel. This is likely to remain the case, but there is still plenty of room for growth, as more grades and products come on the market. By James Chater...
	A fascinating construction project with LDX 2101 duplex in the historical city of Tampere, Finland When reconstructing a dam’s flood gates in a historical setting and building a pedestrian bridge in heritage surroundings, a lot more factors may have to be paid attention to than you would initially expect, particularly when the legislation of government bodies have to be taken into account. Here, the story of such a project involving Stalatube in the old city of Tampere in Finland....
	Characterization of lean duplex The structural and mechanical properties of two low nickel duplex grades are analyzed to assess structural stability....
	Classification of duplex steel grades Classification and composition of the various grades of duplex stainless steels....
	Corrosion prevention and protection Giel Notten discusses materials selection using duplex stainless steels, in particular to replace common austenitic grades or high-nickel alloys and titanium....
	Evaluating the abrasive wear and surface roughness of 2304   The abrasive wear resistance of duplex stainless steel SAF 2304 is little studied. However, this factor cannot be avoided in the application of this high mechanical strength and corrosion resistant stainless steel, report staff at the University of Salahaddin, Iraq....
	Experience manufacturing alloy 19D seam welded lean duplex stainless steel tubing for subsea umbilical applications This paper looks at the joint development program conducted to produce seam welded alloy 19D tubing. Its suitability for subsea umbilicals is also reviewed....
	Improving your efficiency The authors ( E. Chauveau, M. Mantel, B. Drab & S. Chedal) discuss how duplexes can replace standard stainless steel grades in a range of applications, especially when both corrosion and mechanical resistance are critical....
	Influence of phase transformations Sandvik’s Jan-Olof Nilsson and Pasi Kangas discuss how intermetallic precipitates were introduced into two superduplex grades. Their mechanical and corrosion properties were then tested....
	Inter-metallic observations using a backscattering technique on 25Cr super duplex stainless steel alloy Engineers at the University of Aberdeen investigated the susceptibility of super duplex to sigma and chi phase precipitation after heat treatment and water quenching....
	Lean duplexes can keep costs down In this interview with Stainless Steel World,ExxonMobil's Mr Brian Fitzgerald discusses the potential of lean duplexes....
	Maintenance Trends Stainless Steel World recently had the pleasure of meeting Mr Eric ten Feld, Sales Manager for Sulzer Turbo Services Rotterdam B.V.. We quizzed him about his business, the types of materials involved and of course what trends he is seeing....
	Right material choice not about money The desalination industry uses a lot of duplex and super duplex, materials whose benefits extend beyond a long lifespan. Significant environmental advantages should be a driving force behind selecting these materials, says Outokumpu's Mr Loucif....
	Some pitfalls in welding duplex stainless steels In this technical paper, Damian Kotecki looks at regularly occuring pitfalls in welding duplex stainless steels from the standpoint of metallurgical experience. Examples cited at inappropriate base metal specifications......
	The use of duplex stainless steel grades in tubular products This paper by by Mikael Paijkull et al. compares the duplex family to traditional austenitic grades. Its main focus is to show duplex’s weight-saving possibilities in not only HP tubing......
	Thermal and mechanical treatments effects on phase transformation in duplex stainless steels This paper concerns the phase transformation induced by heat treatment and cold rolling in four duplex stainless steels. ...

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